Ohio School Discipline Laws & Regulations: Due Process

Discipline Compendium

Ohio School Discipline Laws & Regulations: Due Process

Category: Exclusionary Discipline: Suspension, Expulsion, and Alternative Placement
Subcategory: Due Process
State: Ohio

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LAWS

3301.121. Adjudication procedure to determine whether to permanently exclude pupil.

(A) In addition to the duties and responsibilities of the superintendent of public instruction set forth in section 3301.12 of the Revised Code, the superintendent, in accordance with this section and section 3313.662 of the Revised Code, shall conduct an adjudication procedure to determine whether to permanently exclude from attending any of the public schools of this state any pupil who is the subject of a resolution forwarded to the superintendent by a board of education pursuant to division (D) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code.

(B)(1) Except as provided in division (B)(3) of this section, within fourteen days after receipt of a resolution forwarded by a board of education pursuant to division (D) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code, the superintendent of public instruction or the superintendent's designee shall provide the pupil who is the subject of the resolution and that pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian with a notice of an opportunity for an adjudication hearing on the proposed permanent exclusion of the pupil from attending any of the public schools of this state. The notice shall include all of the following:

(a) The date, time, and place of the permanent exclusion adjudication hearing;

(b) A statement informing the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian that the pupil may attend the adjudication hearing at the date, time, and place set forth in the notice, that the failure of the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian to attend the adjudication hearing will result in a waiver of the pupil's right to present evidence, testimony, and factors in mitigation of the pupil's permanent exclusion at an adjudication hearing on the proposed permanent exclusion, and that the pupil shall be accorded all of the following rights:

(i) The right to testify, to present evidence and the testimony of witnesses, and to confront, cross-examine, and compel the attendance of witnesses;

(ii) The right to a record of the hearing;

(iii) The right to written findings.

(c) A statement informing the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian that the pupil has the right to be represented by counsel at the adjudication hearing.

(d) A statement informing the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian that, if the pupil by failing to attend the hearing waives the pupil's right to present evidence, testimony, and factors in mitigation of the pupil's permanent exclusion at an adjudication hearing on the proposed permanent exclusion, the superintendent is required to review the information relevant to the permanent exclusion that is available to the superintendent and is permitted to enter an order requiring the pupil's permanent exclusion from attending any of the public schools of this state at any time within seven days after the conclusion of the adjudication hearing.

(2) The superintendent or the superintendent's designee shall provide the notice required by division (B)(1) of this section to the pupil and to the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian by certified mail or personal service.

(3)(a) If a pupil who is the subject of a resolution forwarded to the superintendent of public instruction by a board of education pursuant to section 3313.662 of the Revised Code is in the custody of the department of youth services pursuant to a disposition under any provision of Chapter 2152. of the Revised Code, other than division (A)(1)(a) of section 2152.16 of the Revised Code, at the time the resolution is forwarded, the department shall notify in writing the superintendent of public instruction and the board of education that forwarded the resolution of that fact. Upon receipt of the notice, the superintendent shall delay providing the notice required by division (B)(1) of this section and the adjudication of the request for permanent exclusion until the superintendent receives further notice from the department pursuant to division (B)(3)(b) of this section.

(b) At least sixty days before a pupil described in division (B)(3)(a) of this section will be released from institutionalization or institutionalization in a secure facility by the department of youth services, the department shall notify in writing the superintendent of public instruction and the board of education that forwarded the resolution pursuant to section 3313.662 of the Revised Code of the impending release and shall provide in that notice information regarding the extent of the education the pupil received while in the custody of the department, including whether the pupil has obtained a certificate of high school equivalence.

If the pupil has not obtained a certificate of high school equivalence while in the custody of the department of youth services, the superintendent of public instruction shall provide the notice required by division (B)(1) of this section and, at least thirty days before the pupil is to be released from institutionalization or institutionalization in a secure facility, conduct an adjudication procedure to determine whether to permanently exclude the pupil from attending the public schools of this state in accordance with this section. If the pupil has obtained a certificate of high school equivalence while in the custody of the department, the superintendent, in the superintendent's discretion, may conduct the adjudication.

(C)(1) Except as provided in division (B)(3) of this section, the date of the adjudication hearing set forth in the notice required by division (B)(1) of this section shall be a date no less than fourteen days nor more than twenty-one days from the date the superintendent sends the notice by certified mail or initiates personal service of the notice.

(2) The superintendent, for good cause shown on the written request of the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian, or on the superintendent's own motion, may grant reasonable continuances of any adjudication hearing held under this section but shall not grant either party total continuances in excess of ten days.

(3) If a pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian does not appear at the adjudication hearing on a proposed permanent exclusion, the superintendent or the referee appointed by the superintendent shall proceed to conduct an adjudication hearing on the proposed permanent exclusion on the date for the adjudication hearing that is set forth in the notice provided pursuant to division (B)(1) of this section or on the date to which the hearing was continued pursuant to division (C)(2) of this section.

(D)(1) The superintendent or a referee appointed by the superintendent may conduct an adjudication hearing to determine whether to permanently exclude a pupil in one of the following counties:

(a) The county in which the superintendent holds the superintendent's office;

(b) Upon the request of the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or attorney, in the county in which the board of education that forwarded the resolution requesting the permanent exclusion is located if the superintendent, in the superintendent's discretion and upon consideration of evidence of hardship presented on behalf of the requesting pupil, determines that the hearing should be conducted in that county.

(2) The superintendent of public instruction or a referee appointed by the superintendent shall conduct an adjudication hearing on a proposed permanent exclusion of a pupil. The referee may be an attorney admitted to the practice of law in this state but shall not be an attorney that represents the board of education that forwarded the resolution requesting the permanent exclusion.

(3) The superintendent or referee who conducts an adjudication hearing under this section may administer oaths, issue subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses and evidence, and enforce the subpoenas by a contempt proceeding in the court of common pleas as provided by law. The superintendent or referee may require the separation of witnesses and may bar from the proceedings any person whose presence is not essential to the proceedings.

(4) The superintendent of public instruction shall request the department of rehabilitation and correction, the sheriff, the department of youth services, or any publicly funded out-of-home care entity that has legal custody of a pupil who is the subject of an adjudication hearing held pursuant to this section to transport the pupil to the place of the adjudication hearing at the time and date set for the hearing. The department, sheriff, or publicly funded out-of-home care entity that receives the request shall provide transportation for the pupil who is the subject of the adjudication hearing to the place of the hearing at the time and date set for the hearing. The department, sheriff, or entity shall pay the cost of transporting the pupil to and from the hearing.

(E)(1) An adjudication hearing held pursuant to this section shall be adversary in nature, shall be conducted fairly and impartially, and may be conducted without the formalities of a criminal proceeding. A pupil whose permanent exclusion is being adjudicated has the right to be represented by counsel at the adjudication hearing. If the pupil has the financial capacity to retain counsel, the superintendent or the referee is not required to provide counsel for the pupil. At the adjudication hearing, the pupil also has the right to cross-examine witnesses against the pupil, to testify, to present evidence and the testimony of witnesses on the pupil's behalf, and to raise factors in mitigation of the pupil's being permanently excluded.

(2) In an adjudication hearing held pursuant to this section and section 3313.662 of the Revised Code, a representative of the school district of the board of education that adopted and forwarded the resolution requesting the permanent exclusion of the pupil shall present the case for permanent exclusion to the superintendent or the referee. The representative of the school district may be an attorney admitted to the practice of law in this state. At the adjudication hearing, the representative of the school district shall present evidence in support of the requested permanent exclusion. The superintendent or the superintendent's designee shall consider the entire school record of the pupil who is the subject of the adjudication and shall consider any of the following information that is available:

(a) The academic record of the pupil and a record of any extracurricular activities in which the pupil previously was involved;

(b) The disciplinary record of the pupil and any available records of the pupil's prior behavioral problems other than the behavioral problems contained in the disciplinary record;

(c) The social history of the pupil;

(d) The pupil's response to the imposition of prior discipline and sanctions imposed for behavioral problems;

(e) Evidence regarding the seriousness of and any aggravating factors related to the offense that is the basis of the resolution seeking permanent exclusion;

(f) Any mitigating circumstances surrounding the offense that gave rise to the request for permanent exclusion;

(g) Evidence regarding the probable danger posed to the health and safety of other pupils or of school employees by the continued presence of the pupil in a public school setting;

(h) Evidence regarding the probable disruption of the teaching of any school district's graded course of study by the continued presence of the pupil in a public school setting;

(i) Evidence regarding the availability of alternative sanctions of a less serious nature than permanent exclusion that would enable the pupil to remain in a public school setting without posing a significant danger to the health and safety of other pupils or of school employees and without posing a threat of the disruption of the teaching of any district's graded course of study.

(3) In any adjudication hearing conducted pursuant to this section and section 3313.662 of the Revised Code, a court order that proves the adjudication or conviction that is the basis for the resolution of the board of education seeking permanent exclusion is sufficient evidence to prove that the pupil committed a violation as specified in division (F)(1) of this section.

(4) The superintendent or the referee shall make or cause to be made a record of any adjudication hearing conducted pursuant to this section.

(5) A referee who conducts an adjudication hearing pursuant to this section shall promptly report the referee's findings in writing to the superintendent at the conclusion of the adjudication hearing.

(F) If an adjudication hearing is conducted or a determination is made pursuant to this section and section 3313.662 of the Revised Code, the superintendent shall review and consider the evidence presented, the entire school record of the pupil, and any available information described in divisions (E)(2)(a) to (i) of this section and shall not enter an order of permanent exclusion unless the superintendent or the superintendent's appointed referee finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, both of the following:

(1) That the pupil was convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for committing a violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code and that the violation was committed when the child was sixteen years of age or older;

(2) That the pupil's continued attendance in the public school system may endanger the health and safety of other pupils or school employees.

(G)(1) Within seven days after the conclusion of an adjudication hearing that is conducted pursuant to this section, the superintendent of public instruction shall enter an order in relation to the permanent exclusion of the pupil who is the subject of the hearing or determination.

(2) If the superintendent or a referee makes the findings described in divisions (F)(1) and (2) of this section, the superintendent shall issue a written order that permanently excludes the pupil from attending any of the public schools of this state and immediately shall send a written notice of the order to the board of education that forwarded the resolution, to the pupil who was the subject of the resolution, to that pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian, and to that pupil's attorney, that includes all of the following:

(a) A copy of the order of permanent exclusion;

(b) A statement informing the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian of the pupil's right to appeal the order of permanent exclusion pursuant to division (H) of this section and of the possible revocation of the permanent exclusion pursuant to division (I) of this section if a final judicial determination reverses the conviction or adjudication that was the basis for the permanent exclusion;

(c) A statement informing the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian of the provisions of divisions (F), (G), and (H) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code.

(3) If the superintendent or a referee does not make the findings described in divisions (F)(1) and (2) of this section, the superintendent shall issue a written order that rejects the resolution of the board of education and immediately shall send written notice of that fact to the board of education that forwarded the resolution, to the pupil who was the subject of the proposed resolution, and to that pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian.

(H) A pupil may appeal an order of permanent exclusion made by the superintendent of public instruction pursuant to this section and section 3313.662 of the Revised Code to the court of common pleas of the county in which the board of education that forwarded the resolution requesting the permanent exclusion is located. The appeal shall be conducted in accordance with Chapter 2505. of the Revised Code.

(I) If a final judicial determination reverses the conviction or adjudication that is the basis of a permanent exclusion ordered under this section, the superintendent of public instruction, upon receipt of a certified copy of an order reflecting that final determination from the pupil or that pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or attorney, shall revoke the order of permanent exclusion.

(J) As used in this section:

(1) "Permanently exclude" and "permanent exclusion" have the same meanings as in section 3313.662 of the Revised Code.

3313.66. Suspension, expulsion or permanent exclusion–removal from curricular or extracurricular activities.

(A)(1) No pupil shall be issued an out-of-school suspension unless prior to the suspension the superintendent or principal does both of the following:

(a) Gives the pupil written notice of the intention to suspend the pupil and the reasons for the intended suspension and, if the proposed suspension is based on a violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code and if the pupil is sixteen years of age or older, includes in the notice a statement that the superintendent may seek to permanently exclude the pupil if the pupil is convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for that violation;

(b) Provides the pupil an opportunity to appear at an informal hearing before the principal, assistant principal, superintendent, or superintendent's designee and challenge the reason for the intended suspension or otherwise to explain the pupil's actions. [...]

(B)(6) No pupil shall be expelled under division (B)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section unless, prior to the pupil's expulsion, the superintendent does both of the following:

(a) Gives the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian written notice of the intention to expel the pupil;

(b) Provides the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or representative an opportunity to appear in person before the superintendent or the superintendent's designee to challenge the reasons for the intended expulsion or otherwise to explain the pupil's actions.

The notice required in this division shall include the reasons for the intended expulsion, notification of the opportunity of the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or representative to appear before the superintendent or the superintendent's designee to challenge the reasons for the intended expulsion or otherwise to explain the pupil's action, and notification of the time and place to appear. The time to appear shall not be earlier than three nor later than five school days after the notice is given, unless the superintendent grants an extension of time at the request of the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or representative. If an extension is granted after giving the original notice, the superintendent shall notify the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or representative of the new time and place to appear. If the proposed expulsion is based on a violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code and if the pupil is sixteen years of age or older, the notice shall include a statement that the superintendent may seek to permanently exclude the pupil if the pupil is convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for that violation.

(7) A superintendent of schools of a city, exempted village, or local school district shall initiate expulsion proceedings pursuant to this section with respect to any pupil who has committed an act warranting expulsion under the district's policy regarding expulsion even if the pupil has withdrawn from school for any reason after the incident that gives rise to the hearing but prior to the hearing or decision to impose the expulsion. If, following the hearing, the pupil would have been expelled for a period of time had the pupil still been enrolled in the school, the expulsion shall be imposed for the same length of time as on a pupil who has not withdrawn from the school. [...]

(C)(3) If a pupil is removed under division (C)(1) or (2) of this section from a curricular activity or from the school premises, written notice of the hearing and of the reason for the removal shall be given to the pupil as soon as practicable prior to the hearing, which shall be held on the next school day after the initial removal is ordered. The hearing shall be held in accordance with division (A) of this section unless it is probable that the pupil may be subject to expulsion, in which case a hearing in accordance with division (B) of this section shall be held, except that the hearing shall be held on the next school day after the date of the initial removal. The individual who ordered, caused, or requested the removal to be made shall be present at the hearing. [...]

(D) The superintendent or principal, within one school day after the time of a pupil's expulsion or suspension, shall notify in writing the parent, guardian, or custodian of the pupil of the expulsion or suspension. In the case of an expulsion, the superintendent or principal, within one school day after the time of a pupil's expulsion, also shall notify in writing the treasurer of the board of education. Each notice shall include the reasons for the expulsion or suspension, notification of the right of the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian to appeal the expulsion or suspension to the board of education or to its designee, to be represented in all appeal proceedings, to be granted a hearing before the board or its designee in order to be heard against the suspension or expulsion, and to request that the hearing be held in executive session, notification that the expulsion may be subject to extension pursuant to division (F) of this section if the pupil is sixteen years of age or older, and notification that the superintendent may seek the pupil's permanent exclusion if the suspension or expulsion was based on a violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code that was committed when the child was sixteen years of age or older and if the pupil is convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for that violation.

In accordance with the policy adopted by the board of education under section 3313.661 of the Revised Code, the notice provided under this division shall specify the manner and date by which the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian shall notify the board of the pupil's, parent's, guardian's, or custodian's intent to appeal the expulsion or suspension to the board or its designee. [...]

(E) A pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian may appeal the pupil's expulsion by a superintendent or suspension by a superintendent, principal, assistant principal, or other administrator to the board of education or to its designee. If the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian intends to appeal the expulsion or suspension to the board or its designee, the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian shall notify the board in the manner and by the date specified in the notice provided under division (D) of this section. The pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian may be represented in all appeal proceedings and shall be granted a hearing before the board or its designee in order to be heard against the suspension or expulsion. At the request of the pupil or of the pupil's parent, guardian, custodian, or attorney, the board or its designee may hold the hearing in executive session but shall act upon the suspension or expulsion only at a public meeting. The board, by a majority vote of its full membership or by the action of its designee, may affirm the order of suspension or expulsion, reinstate the pupil, or otherwise reverse, vacate, or modify the order of suspension or expulsion.

The board or its designee shall make a verbatim record of hearings held under this division. The decisions of the board or its designee may be appealed under Chapter 2506. of the Revised Code.

This section shall not be construed to require notice and hearing in accordance with division (A), (B), or (C) of this section in the case of normal disciplinary procedures in which a pupil is removed from a curricular activity for a period of less than one school day and is not subject to suspension or expulsion.

(F)(1) If a pupil is expelled pursuant to division (B) of this section for committing any violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code and the pupil was sixteen years of age or older at the time of committing the violation, if a complaint, indictment, or information is filed alleging that the pupil is a delinquent child based upon the commission of the violation or the pupil is prosecuted as an adult for the commission of the violation, and if the resultant juvenile court or criminal proceeding is pending at the time that the expulsion terminates, the superintendent of schools that expelled the pupil may file a motion with the court in which the proceeding is pending requesting an order extending the expulsion for the lesser of an additional eighty days or the number of school days remaining in the school year. Upon the filing of the motion, the court immediately shall schedule a hearing and give written notice of the time, date, and location of the hearing to the superintendent and to the pupil and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian. At the hearing, the court shall determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe that the pupil committed the alleged violation that is the basis of the expulsion and, upon determining that reasonable cause to believe the pupil committed the violation does exist, shall grant the requested extension.

(2) If a pupil has been convicted of or adjudicated a delinquent child for a violation listed in division (A) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code for an act that was committed when the child was sixteen years of age or older, if the pupil has been expelled pursuant to division (B) of this section for that violation, and if the board of education of the school district of the school from which the pupil was expelled has adopted a resolution seeking the pupil's permanent exclusion, the superintendent may file a motion with the court that convicted the pupil or adjudicated the pupil a delinquent child requesting an order to extend the expulsion until an adjudication order or other determination regarding permanent exclusion is issued by the superintendent of public instruction pursuant to section 3301.121 and division (D) of section 3313.662 of the Revised Code. Upon the filing of the motion, the court immediately shall schedule a hearing and give written notice of the time, date, and location of the hearing to the superintendent of the school district, the pupil, and the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian. At the hearing, the court shall determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe the pupil's continued attendance in the public school system may endanger the health and safety of other pupils or school employees and, upon making that determination, shall grant the requested extension.

3313.661. Policy regarding suspension, expulsion, removal, and permanent exclusion.

The policy adopted under this division shall specify the date and manner by which a pupil or a pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian may notify the board of the pupil's, parent's, guardian's, or custodian's intent to appeal an expulsion or suspension to the board or its designee pursuant to division (E) of section 3313.66 of the Revised Code. In the case of any expulsion, the policy shall not specify a date that is less than fourteen days after the date of the notice provided to the pupil or the pupil's parent, guardian, or custodian under division (D) of that section.

3313.668. Removal from school based on absences; removal of students in grades pre-K through three.

(B)(3) A student in any of grades pre-kindergarten through three who is suspended or expelled shall be afforded the same notice and hearing, procedural, and educational opportunities as prescribed for a suspension or expulsion pursuant to section 3313.66 of the Revised Code.

3321.13. Duties of teacher and superintendent upon withdrawal or habitual absence of child from school–forms.

(B)[...] The notification to the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian required by division (B)(2) of this section shall set forth the information received by the superintendent and shall inform the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian of the scheduled date, time, and place of the appearance that they may have before the superintendent or a designee. The date scheduled for the appearance shall be no earlier than three and no later than five days after the notification is given, provided that an extension may be granted upon request of the child or the child's parent, guardian, or custodian. If an extension is granted, the superintendent shall schedule a new date, time, and place for the appearance and shall inform the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian of the new date, time, and place.

If the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian do not appear before the superintendent or a designee on the scheduled date and at the scheduled time and place, or if the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian appear before the superintendent or a designee on the scheduled date and at the scheduled time and place but the superintendent or a designee determines that the information the superintendent received indicating that, during the semester or term, the child had been absent without legitimate excuse from the school the child was supposed to attend for more than sixty consecutive hours or for at least ninety total hours, the superintendent shall notify the registrar of motor vehicles and the juvenile judge of the county in which the district is located that the child has been absent for that period of time and that the child does not have any legitimate excuse for the habitual absence. A notification to the registrar required by this division shall be given in the manner the registrar by rule requires and a notification to the juvenile judge required by this division shall be given in writing. Each notification shall be given within two weeks after the receipt of the information of the habitual absence from school without legitimate excuse, or, if the child and the child's parent, guardian, or custodian appear before the superintendent or a designee to challenge the information, within two weeks after the appearance.

REGULATIONS

No relevant regulations found.

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