Notes
Polaris Project. (2020). 2019 data report: The US National Human Trafficking Hotline. Polaris Project. https://polarisproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-2019-US-National-Human-Trafficking-Hotline-Data-Report.pdf
Fedina, L., Williamson, C., & Perdue, T. (2019). Risk factors for domestic child sex trafficking in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34 (13), 2653–2673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516662306
Polaris Project. (2011). Educators and human trafficking: In-depth review. Polaris Project. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/sites/default/files/In%20Depth%20Review%20for%20Educators.pdf
National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE. (2014). Sex trafficking of minors: What schools need to know to recognize and respond to the trafficking of students. National Center for Homeless Education at SERVE. https://nche.ed.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/trafficking.pdf
For additional information on trauma-sensitive/trauma-informed schools, see the Trauma-Sensitive Schools Training Package developed under contract to the U.S. Department of Education by the National Center of Safe Supportive Learning Environments. https://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/trauma-sensitive-schools-training-package
Development Services Group, Inc. (2016). Child labor trafficking. Literature review. U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/litreviews/child-labor-trafficking.pdf
Development Services Group, Inc. (2016). Child labor trafficking. Literature review. U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/litreviews/child-labor-trafficking.pdf
Polaris Project. (2017). The typology of modern slavery: Defining sex and labor trafficking in the United States. Polaris Project. https://polarisproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Typology-of-Modern-Slavery-1.pdf
Murphy, L. (2016). Labor and sex trafficking among homeless youth: A ten-city study. Loyola University. https://www.covenanthouse.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Loyola%20Multi-City%20Executive%20Summary%20FINAL.pdf
Development Services Group, Inc. (2016). Child labor trafficking: Literature review. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ojjdp.gov/mpg/litreviews/child-labor-trafficking.pdf
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Rights4Girls. (2019). Domestic child sex trafficking and black girls. Rights4Girls. https://rights4girls.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/r4g/2019/05/Black-Girls-DCST-May-2019-1.pdf
Pierce, A. (2012). American Indian adolescent girls: Vulnerability to sex trafficking, intervention strategies. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research: The Journal of the National Center, 19 (1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.5820/aian .1901.2012.37; Roe-Sepowtiz, D., & Jabola-Carolus, K. (2019). Sex trafficking in Hawai’i: The stories of survivors. Arizona State University and Hawai’i State Commission on the Status of Women. https://ncjtc-static.fvtc.edu/resources/RS00009136.pdf
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Polaris Project. (2020, July 29). Racial disparities, Covid-19, and human trafficking. Polaris Project. https://polarisproject.org/blog/2020/07/racial-disparities-covid-19-and-human-trafficking/
Fedina, L., Perdue, T., Bright, C. L., & Williamson, C. (2019). An ecological analysis of risk factors for runaway behavior among individuals exposed to commercial sexual exploitation. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 12, 221–231. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163838/
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Murphy, L. (2016). Labor and sex trafficking among homeless youth: A ten-city study. Loyola University. https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/ht/murphy-labor-sex-trafficking-homeless-youth.pdf
Freeman, P. (2014). Prevalence and relationship between adverse childhood experiences and child behavior among young children. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35 (6), 527–656. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21460
Gibbs, D. A., Feinberg, R. K., Dolan, M., Latzman, N. E., Misra, S., & Domanico, R. (2018). Report to Congress: The child welfare system response to sex trafficking of children. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/report/report-congress-child-welfare-system-response-sex-trafficking-children
Pullmann, D., Roberts, N., Parker, E., Mangiaracina, K., Briner, L., Silverman, M., & Becker, J. (2020). Residential instability, running away, and juvenile detention characterizes commercially exploited youth involved in Washington State’s child welfare system. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104423
Pfenning, E., Bardine, D., & Smoot, N. (n.d.). Child trafficking and juvenile justice. Webinar slides. https://juvjustice.org/sites/default/files/ckfinder/files/Human%20Trafficking%20Webinar.pdf
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. (2013). Confronting commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/18358
Wolfe, D., Greeson, J., Wasch, S., & Treglia, D. (2018). Human trafficking prevalence and child welfare risk factors among homeless youth: A multi-city study. The Field Center for Children’s Policy, Practice & Research, University of Pennsylvania. https://fieldcenteratpenn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/6230-R10-Field-Center-Full-Report-Web.pdf
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Cardoso, J., Brabeck, K., Stinchcomb, D., Heidbrink, L., Price, O. A., Gil-Carcia, O., … Zayas, L. (2019). Integration of unaccompanied migrant youth in the United States: A call for research. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45 (2), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1404261
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Resources: Common health issues seen in victims of Human trafficking. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/orr/health_problems_seen_in_traffick_victims.pdf ; Polaris Project. (2011). Educators and human trafficking: In-depth review. Polaris Project. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/sites/default/files/In%20Depth%20Review%20for%20Educators.pdf ; Polaris Project. (2011). Tools for educators. Polaris Project. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/sites/default/files/Educator%20Assessment%20Tool.pdf ; Polaris Project. (2017). The typology of modern slavery: Defining sex and labor trafficking in the United States. Polaris Project. https://polarisproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Polaris-Typology-of-Modern-Slavery-1.pdf ; American Counseling Association. (n.d.). Human trafficking awareness for school counselors. Counseling Connection. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/school-counseling/ht-awareness-schoolcounselorconnection.pdf?sfvrsn=ba7b562c_2 ; National Human Trafficking Hotline. (n.d.). Recognizing the signs. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/human-trafficking/recognizing-signs ; de Vries, I., Kafafian, M., Goggin, K., Bouchard, E., Goldfarb, S., & Farrell, A. (2020). Enhancing the identification of commercial sexual exploitation among a population of high-risk youths using predictive regularization models. Child Maltreatment, 25 (3), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519889178
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.(2019). Preventing adverse childhood experiences: Leveraging the best available evidence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/preventingACES.pdf ; ISafe Ventures, U.S. Department of Education. (2017). Use case–human trafficking framework for instructional programming in schools. ISafe Ventures. https://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/sites/default/files/USDOE_UseCase_HT_2017.pdf ; U.S. Department of Education. (2020, January 30). The identification and support of students affected by human trafficking. Webinar. https://vimeo.com/388383293/e1ef82f39a ; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Family & Youth Services Bureau, and Centers for Disease Control. (2020, January 30). Connecting the dots: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the intersection with human trafficking. Webinar. https://vawnet.org/events/connecting-dots-adverse-childhood-experiences-aces-and-intersection-human-trafficking ; The National Network for Youth. (2018). Responding to youth homelessness: A key strategy for preventing human trafficking. The National Network for Youth. https://nn4youth.org/wp-content/uploads/NN4Y-2018-white-paper-human-trafficking-FINAL-0918.pdf ; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, Office on Trafficking in Persons. (2019, April 24). Definitions and principles to inform human trafficking prevention. Doc No: OTIP-IM-19-01.01. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/otip/im_definitions_and_principles_of_human_trafficking_prevention.pdf
San Diego County Office of Education. (2019, February 4). SDCOE partners on new human trafficking prevention programs. https://www.sdcoe.net/news/Pages/SDCOE-partners-on-New-Human-Trafficking-Prevention-Programs.aspx